Celies Pain in Alice Walkers Color Purple Essay

Celies Pain in The Color Purple Molestation is a topic that is painful to think about, and even more difficult to write about. Yet Alice Walker chose this as the central theme of her novel The Color Purple. Walkers work centers around a poor African American girl Celie. Celie keeps a diary, and the first section of the novel is an excerpt from her diary. After reading the excerpt, the reader comes to realize that Celie is a fourteen-year-old girl who has been molested by her father. Through this, she has lost her innocence as well as her self-worth, evident when the reader sees that the diarys words have been altered to say I have always been a good girl as opposed to I am a good girl. From the moment her father molested her,†¦show more content†¦For example My heart say she mine. But I dont know she mine. She writes in the complete opposite way to intellects such as Oscar Wilde who use very eloquent, flamboyant and grammatically correct language. After suffering years of her Fathers abuse and having his children, Celie is thrown from one fire to another, by being forced into an unloving and menial marriage. Celie only knows this man as Mr.-, and he has only accepted Celie from her father because he wasnt allowed Nettie. Celies father said as part of the negotiation: She Ugly. He say. But she aint no stranger to hard work. Mr.---- only takes Celie with her cow. He is not marrying Celie for love but to use her like a Slave to take care of his children, tend the house and land and to satisfy is animal sexual urges. The whole idea that black men treat their wives is very ironic because it is very similar to how the whites treated the black slaves. The black slavery trade had just been abolished in America at this time so it is hard to understand why the men treat people of the same race in such a way. I feel that this is due to a lack of education which is reflected in the way Celie writes. It is as if the people in Celies world have not evolved much from the time of cavemen, who have limited knowledge and basic animal instincts. Another interesting fact is that Celies Diary is written in the same way that African slave diaries were. There is still a degree of racismShow MoreRelatedLiterary Analysis Of The Color Purple1074 Words   |  5 PagesMiss Celie’s Pants/Ms. Walker’s Novel Alice Walker is a world renowned novelist, poet, short story author and political activist, with works including The Temples of my Familiar and In Search of Our Mothers’ Gardens. Yet Ms. Walker’s most critically acclaimed novel remains The Color Purple. The Color Purple tells the complex tale African American women, their brutal living conditions, everyday abuse, and their instinct to survive. The Color Purple was an immediate success due to its simple writingRead MoreThe Color Purple Research Paper1820 Words   |  8 PagesPurple America America was in its prime in the 1920’s. A time of many drastic changes, 1920’s Americans enjoyed a booming economy, a prosperous and wealthy upper-class society, and general international and national peace. For African Americans; however, the 1920’s meant facing economic struggle, racial prejudices, and gender stereotypes. In Alice Walker’s The Color Purple, the main character Celie experiences many boundaries within the workforce, domestics, and society of the 1920’s. Through manyRead MoreThe Color Purple By Alice Walker3360 Words   |  14 Pagesâ€Å"Womanist is to feminist as purple is to lavender† (Yahwon). Alice Walker views herself as a womanist. Although a womanist and feminist are similar, the two terms are not exactly the same. According to Professor Tamara Baeouboeuf-Lafonant: [Womanism] focuses on the experiences and knowledge bases of black women [which] recognizes and interrogates the social realities of slavery, segregation, sexism, and economic exploitation this group has experienced during its history in the United States. FurthermoreRead MoreEssay on Struggle and Growth in Alice Walkers Color Purple836 Words   |  4 PagesStruggle and Growth in Alice Walkers The Color Purple The Color Purple depicts the struggle and growth of Celie, an uneducated slave of the South who became a victim of racism, sexual roles, men, and social injustices, in numerous letters that she writes as a diary. Walker uses Celies uneducated grammar to help the reader perceive the pain that she thinks and feels in order to become a mature, twentieth-century woman.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As Celie writes to God for guidance and strength askingRead MoreAlice Walker s The Color Purple1460 Words   |  6 PagesElements of Alice Walker’s Life Portrayed in The Color Purple An artist stands in the studio before a blank canvas on an easel, with a palette of colors in hand. Not knowing which to choose from, the artist looks over the variety of shades thinking about the different possibilities, willing to create something extraordinary. With an open mind, the artist ponders the idea of creating something entirely original that goes against the artistic styles practiced before. All on his own Pablo Picasso createdRead More Essay on Uniting People in The Color Purple817 Words   |  4 Pages Uniting Peoplenbsp;in The Color Purplenbsp;nbsp; Red, a color of hatred, a color of anger, a color of oppression. Purple, a color of pride, a color of love, a color of triumph. The clashing of colors, and the uniting of a people. Think of how much more we would see if we did not have eyes. Physical appearances rule the world; the spiritual and emotional gifts emanating from within each individual are left to live an empty existence of incessant, smother-some abuse and to die a tragic andRead MoreLiterary Elements of The Color Purple Essay1090 Words   |  5 PagesAlice Walker may seem the usual type of author that is ordinary in her writing. Actually, she is not. She uses a different method to make us feel the suspense of the story with vivid details. You only live life once so why not take advantage of it? In The Color Purple, Celie’s life is the contrary. You may ask why, but there are people out there who are afraid to speak up. Alice Walker seemed to portray this novel very well making it seem realistic. The tone Walke r used in the novel seemed confessionalRead MoreThe Search For Self-Acceptance in the Color Purple by Alice Walker1410 Words   |  6 Pagesand feelings that include criticism, doubt, and fear† (125-128). Depending on the person Alice Walker has as the recipients of Celie’s and Nettie’s letters, the text alters. The Color Purple is about a girl named Celie, who grows up in the south during the early 1920’s, surrounded by racism, sexism, and abuse from her father and husband. Alice Walker wrote The Color Purple in epistolary style and it traces Celie’s journey of finding her identity and path of finally accepting herself. On her journeyRead MoreAnalysis Of Alice Walkers The Color Purple2079 Words   |  9 Pages In Alice Walkers The Color Purple, she explores the thin grey line that stands between survival and living. Through her protagonist, Celie, she examines the dramatic shifts of empowerment; focusing on the young black girl in the 1850â€℠¢s. Walker introduces the reader to the protagonist, Celie, through a series of letters. In these letters the reader finds Celie amidst her mother’s death. The author chooses to address her letters to God, giving Celie a greater willpower to survive. Celie’s upbringingRead MoreThe Color Purple By Alice Walker1505 Words   |  7 PagesIt’s All About Perspective â€Å"And another thing- She tell lies.† (Walker 10) The Colour Purple, by Alice Walker is an epistolary novel written in 1983 that follows the protagonist Celie as she navigates life in a racist and misogynistic America. The book is presented as a series of letters that Celie has written to God and is unique from most literature in that the point of view is told from an often underrepresented minority; a woman of colour. However, even though Celie is not a typical narrator

The Importance of Investigative Journalism Essay - 769 Words

Though connected through the general base of being a part of the media, investigative journalism is far from the daily reporting and paparazzi reports we are used to. Investigative journalists look to bring attention to violated laws, regulations or wrongdoings that they feel very strongly about. The topic of their research is completely up to their own personal interest and choosing. Their research often takes a long time to collect, and must be very thorough and involve many different sources while providing the public with important information that may have been slightly covered up or less attainable to the news reel of the average Joe. This type of research often looks at what is not working in society and predicts trends and changes,†¦show more content†¦One of the references he makes compared New Orleans, to the Dutch: â€Å"Nevertheless, if we compare the failures in New Orleans with the successes in the Netherlands, one lesson stands out: social context matters mor e than technological prowess. The Dutch have been relatively good at preparing for climate change largely because of their long history of consensus-based water management and their shared belief in social planning. By contrast, Louisiana’s efforts have been crippled by the state’s history of poor government, its dysfunctional relationship with the Army Corps of Engineers, the power of its oil and gas interests, its continuing reluctance—even after Katrina—to acknowledge the reality of global warming for fear that might harm oil and gas production† (Hertsgaard, 132). The failure of the US to recognize what a critical opportunity we have missed and the steps we need to take to adapt and reduce the consequences of our actions is one of Hertsgaard’s most prominent points, and is a large part of his unveiling of how the global warming situation was handled. The undoubted authority and urgency in Hertsgaard’s tone along with his undispute d evidence and research is what leaves readers flipping through his works, eager to listen to what he has to say and to consider the solutions he offers. Alongside Hertsgaard, there are many other investigative journalists, such as Greg Palast. Palast’s work primarily focuses on corporate fraud, one of his moreShow MoreRelatedEffects of Technological Advances806 Words   |  4 PagesFrom the time printed publications were the dominant medium to the modern era where the internet has emerged as the dominant medium the field of journalism has experienced colossal growth, development, and evolvement. The changes caused by the gradual introduction of new and more efficient mediums consistently affected journalism and the way journalists delivered content to the public. Prior to the concept of broadcasting, newspapers were the primary means of communication in society. InitiallyRead MoreThe Role Of Journalism And Its Impact On Journalism2056 Words   |  9 PagesHistorically, professional journalism has been built around two fundamentals: visual and textual. While numbers have played a role in journalism as well, journalists have constantly downplayed their importance in making up the professional skillset, which leads to a difficulty in presenting numerical data responsibly and accurately (Maier 2002). A noteworthy is the subfield of computer-assisted reporting, which focuses on examining quantitative data through a journalistic lens. Over the past severalRead MoreA Field Of Forces Within The Field817 Words   |  4 Pagesby itself, i.e., outside the relations of interdependence which link it to other products† (Bourdieu, 1993: p. 32). These goods are also produced under specific conditions, not in a vacuum. This assumption is valid to art, literature, but also to journalism as a massive cultural production, like Bourdieu and other authors had demonstrated (Benson Neveu, 2005; Benson, 2006; Bourdieu, 1994; English, 2015; Marlià ¨re, 1998; Murrell, 2015; Schultz, 2007). Thus, cultural products are entangled in a netRead MoreThe Importance Of Journalism And Photography955 Words   |  4 Pagescitizens are aware of them. This is where journalism and photography come to play. Journalism and photography allow for current events in other parts of the world to be shown to the public for awareness. Some of these events such as the time during the Arab Spring, where revolutions and protests broke out across the Middle East and North Africa, allowed for citizens to get an idea of what is going on in that particular part of the country. A world without journalism cause much of the people to be in theRead MoreThe Public Sphere : An Encyclopedia Article Essay1683 Words   |  7 Pagesmembers of the plebeian classes† (Fra ser 10) from participation. In this paper I will support Fraser’s critiques of Habermas’s utopian vision of the public sphere to argue that the participatory culture Web 2.0 introduced has transformed the notion of journalism while reflecting real-world inequalities and eliminating democracy in the process. The paper will be concluded with recommendations to creating an enabling environment for the media to make a positive contribution to democratic development. HabermasRead MoreThe Documentary About Nevsun, A Canadian Mining Company For Granting Forced Labor And Abuse Of Human Rights913 Words   |  4 Pagesadequate evidence to support allegation on funding terrorism in the region. Though Nevsun does not directly engage in the destabilization security in the area, its continued operation in the country contributes money used to fund the rebels. The importance of the Filth Estate program extends beyond portraying the violation of human rights and forced labor in Eritrea. Keen observation on several mines operated by Canadian, Chinese, and Australia firms of late have comes under the allegation of collaboratingRead MoreThe Changing Role of the Us News Media Essay934 Words   |  4 PagesMedia The internet is our modern source for news media; the importance of the newspaper has not only declined, it is in a sense, obsolete. We now turn to the internet for opinions, news, and entertainment. Even though the way in which we consume information (PBS) has changed, the importance of an unrestricted and watchful media has not changed. (Magleby, Light, Nemacheck, 2010) The Framers of our constitution were well aware of the importance of the press as a judge to discuss the implications andRead MoreAl Jazeera and CNN1741 Words   |  7 Pagesor informative programing, was extremely different than visiting the Al Jazeera website. The CNN website is cluttered and over stimulating with clusters of videos on a vast array of topics with no clear focus. Many videos were examples of yellow journalism such as the top two trending videos that consisted of a â€Å"Model’s Shocking Transformation† and a program on photo editing asking â€Å"Has this Photo Editing Gone too Far?† Both of these videos had their pictures presenting images of slim, Caucasian,Read MoreWatergate : A Decade Of Corruption, Lies, And Shadiness1224 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to The Watergate Crisis, The effect of Watergate on the media was astonishing. A new breed of investigative journalists took center stage, and the nature and style of reporting about preside nts changed dramatically. (Genovese). Watergate was a key factor in reinforcing the importance of investigative reporting. Thousands of young American men and women were inspired to become investigative journalists (Feldstein). Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein were two of the most famous reporters duringRead MoreMedia And Politics : A Brief Note On Media Politics2454 Words   |  10 Pagesdecision opened up the press as a space for serious political discussions and criticism of government in a way that would construct the future political movements of America, including its independence from Great Britain. These events cemented the importance of free press, which would become the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution. An important Supreme Court case concerning the media was New York Times Company v. United States in 1971. This case dealt with the constitutionality of publishing

ICT Speicalist Skills and Knowledge

Questions: 1. Create a Word document called 'Critical Thinking' and write approximately 400 words (no less than 350 and no more than 450 words) describing why you need to be a critical thinker. Explain why it is important for ICT professionals to be critical thinkers. Note that you should include your definition of the term critical thinking. You need to provide at least four (4) relevant unique points in your discussion. Upload the document to Moodle. 2. Conduct a Strengths-Weaknesses-Opportunities-Threats (SWOT) analysis of your presentation skills. An example can be found on page 13 of the prescribed textbook. The SWOT analysis should be presented in a square with four (4) quadrants. In addition to the SWOT analysis, you also need to identify two areas of improvement for your presentation skills and outline some strategies you could use to enhance those areas. 3. Some people love Social Networking through technology (Facebook and Twitter) whilst others loathe it. Write reflectively about your experience with the use of a Social networking technology such as Facebook or Twitter. You will need to provide a brief description of the experience and then write three paragraphs (no less than 350 and no more than 450 words) of reflective writing where you analyse the experience, what you have learnt from the experience and how you would handle it differently in the future. Your reflective writing should cover the three key points on reflective writing (see below). If you do not use Social networking technologies, you should write a reflection on why you do NOT use Social networking technologies. Call your MS Word document Reflective Writing and upload that file to Moodle. The key points to consider when writing reflectively are: 1. You need to demonstrate what you have learned from a particular experience not just describe what happened. 2. There is no right or wrong answerreflective writing is about what you learned from the experience. 3. Ask yourself the following questions and give your responses in your writing: Why did X happen? What did I do in X situation? What were the positive and negative outcomes in the situation? How might I do things differently next time? What have I learnt and how does this knowledge contribute to my development? (McCulloch Reid, 2012, p. 104) 4. In week 9 you learnt about how to develop a personal ethical framework and last week you learnt about work and cultural issues. Understanding who you are and how you relate to others in both your personal and work life can make you aware of the values that are important to you as well as the values that you may need to work on to improve. Create a document called Personal Ethical Framework in MS Word and write approximately 500 word account (no less than 450 and no more than 550 words)on how to build a reputation as a good ICT professional and how to work with others from diverse backgrounds. This document should include statements about your work ethic, values that are important to you and how you relate to and communicate with others around you. As you are training to be an ICT professional you should refer to the ACS Code of Ethics and/or ACS Code of Professional Conduct when writing this personal ethical framework. In addition, your response should contain your views on workin g with diversity in the workplace and how to be sensitive to the people who have been brought up in cultures different to your own. Upload the Personal Ethical Framework document to Moodle. 5. Create a document called Successful Completion and write a reflective analysis that demonstrates you have satisfied all eight(8) course learning outcomes that are listed in the course profile for COIT20233 Professional Skills for ICT (they are listed below). In no more than two (2) A4 pages justify how the work you have completed this term has satisfied all eight (8) course learning outcomes. Please note it is important that you JUSTIFY that you have satisfied the course objectives do NOT just summarise the course content and/or assessment items. Write two things you liked about this course and provide the reason or reasons you liked them. Also describe two suggested improvements to the course and justify why they would improve the course. Upload the Successful Completion document to Moodle. Answers: 1. Critical thinking According to Fowler (2012) critical thinking is the mode of thinking where the individual is expected to make clear, reasoned and logical statements. The restructuring of the thought is done by the individual in the process of making critical thoughts and to attain this individual implements the thoughts in a self directed, self corrective and self monitored system. The effective critical thinking skills include the ability interpret and verify the thoughts in a logical and reasoned manner. On assessing the importance of critical thinking it may be noted that the rational thinking skill is important in the present knowledge driven economy. Hill and Shaw (2011) opined that following are the major reasons for improving critical thinking skills. Critical thinking enhances language and presentation skills. Thinking in a logical manner helps the individuals to express their ideas. It promotes creativity by enabling the individual to think creatively and provide solutions to the problems. Critical thinking helps to make self reflection an justify the decisions of the individual Fumoto (2012) stated that use of ICT software like social media, online education system etc can be made secure by usage of critical thinking skills. The following fields within ICT require the individuals to use critical thinking skills. The new International Computer and Information Literacy Study (ICILS) has revealed that only 2% of the students use critical thinking in essential ICT skills The individuals can use critical thinking skills to encourage children to link experiences from one area to another. For instance the children can make logical thoughts about print off patterns from computer, print photographs and use remote driven toy cars. The ICT professionals can use different educational software in creative manner to extend the learning of the children beyond the traditional barriers. For implementing this professionals will need to have high critical thinking skills. ICT professionals need to implement logical and reasoned thought behind implementation of technology in practical sense. Critical thinking skills and logical analysis is required on the part of the ICT users to fruitfully conduct online information search (Hatva, 2013) 2. SWOT analysis of presentation skills STRENGTHS Voice modulation: Maryska (2012) opined that it is essential for a good presenter to make voice modulations as per changes in delivery of the slides. The voice modulations help to attract and retain the attention of the audience. Eye contact and engaging audience: My ability to make eye contact with the audience and control their attention is a positive skill of my presentation skills. Use of visual aids in slides: The use of graphs, charts, diagrams, pictures and videos helps to make the slides attractive and engaging. Moreover it helps me to avoid the excess explanation since the visual aids are expressive in it (Llorens-Garcia et al. 2009). WEAKNESSES Stage fear: I face anxiety and persistent fear when required to perform in front of an audience. This results in stammering at times Fast speech: My weakness of speaking fast in front of public makes it difficult for the listeners to register the content of the presentation (Kniveton, 2012). Loss of words: The stage fear and the lack of confidence tend to make me forget lines and key words in between the presentation. Losing focus during presentation: The audience movements and distractions within the audience make me lose focus from the main presentation and I tend to forget the lines or framed sentences. OPPORTUNITIES Constant practice: Maryska (2012) opined that practice makes a man perfect. Hence stage rehearsals before the presentation will be useful for improvement of the main event. Presentation trainings: Majority of the institutes are providing trainings on development of presentation skills. Availing of those training courses will be useful (Jacobs, 2009). THREATS Intense competition: The intense competitions from the upcoming trained and good presenters are posing as a threat for me. Areas of improvement Improvement in reduction of stage fear and increase confidence level in public speaking Improvement in presentation speaking skills (Moulic, 2012). Strategies to enhance the weaknesses Self assessment and self encouragement to increase the confidence level and reduce the stage fear Structure the presentation and prepare and blueprint for the delivery process along with the content and timing for each slide Use simple, unambiguous and communicable language to deliver the presentation (Papadopoulos, 2013). 3. Reflective writing The increased use of social media technologies like Face Book and Twitter has affected the private life of the individuals (Miller and Briscoe, 2012). The social media apps enables the individuals to spend majority of their time in liking posts, tweeting and conveying their opinions, playing games and interacting with total strangers. Although it increases the social network and exposes the individuals to a huge group of people with diverse culture and thoughts however the use of these apps also tends to expose the personal life of an individual. Using Face book I encountered various experiences of which I would like to state a negative experience which provoked me to deactivate the account in future. While engaging in Face book activities I felt that excess Face book usage was increasing my communication rates which consisted of no significant communication rather consisted of noise in the communication structure. Moreover the use of Face book made it compulsory for me to make impulse haring of each and every moment of my life which made me lose my individuality and become a part of collective online friends group (Pinkowska and Lent, 2011). From the experience I have learnt to reduce the usage rate of Face book. Although Face book is the easiest mode of connecting to the friends, relatives and familiar persons however the excess use of the same reduces the importance and value of the friends. Moreover I realized that using Face book helps to make an individual extrovert (Seri and Zanfei, 2013). The technology forces the individuals to develop the social skills. However the social interactions with the unknown online friends are computer interaction and not human interaction. From my personal experience I would handle the situation in stricter manner in future. I would opt for socializing personally with my friends and relatives rather than spending my majority time chatting and interacting with virtual online friends. I would also avoid posting about my personal life over the Face book. Treating Face book as a leisure time option will enable me to keep a track of my personal life. Face book doesnt help to create long term friendship hence I will also avoid sharing my personal emotions and private stories with my Face book friends. 4. Personal ethical framework As per the ACS code of ethics and ICT professional should abide by the following ethical codes namely Primary public interest: The ICT professionals should place the interest of the public above the personal or business interest. Cox (2012) opined that in this respect the ICT professionals should try to identify the stakeholders who will be impacted by the work of the professionals and try to preserve security, continuity, utility and integrity of the ICT system. The professionals also require considering the public interest and safety in matters of delivering ICT services to customers (Seri and Zanfei, 2013). The enhancement of the quality of life: The roles of the ICT professionals will b to enhance the quality of the life of the customers by using reasonable ICT skills. The use of critical thinking skills by the ICT professionals will help them to devise ways to enhance the quality of life of the people. For instance the use of ICT tools like Braille in health and social care has helped the visually impaired people (www.acs.org.au , 2015). Maintaining of honesty: The maintenance of workplace honesty and integrity in presenting services and products is an integral part of the ICT professional ethics. The rejection of bribery, not engaging in misleading of the client and keeping a bar between the professional and personal advice helps the professionals to maintain the honest reputation. Showing work competence: The services provided by the ICT professionals should showcase their high level of competence and diligence towards the concerned stakeholders (Trajkovik and Mishev, 2014). In this respect the professionals should accept the work which they feel they are competent to perform. Consequently this will help to enhance the quality of the performance of the ICT professionals. Professional development: The professionals are also expected to increase their professional skills as well as contribute to the increment of the professional skills of team members and other staffs (Siraj, 2013). This involves the professionals to keep themselves updated with the new technologies and practices and standards. The continuous up gradation of the knowledge and skills will help the ICT professionals to deliver better services. Maintain respect for the other members: the guideline of ACS also states the legislations or the maintenance of equal respect and workplace integrity for each member within the workplace in spite of any cultural discrimination (Vaghari and Shuib, 2013). The code of ethics and professional behavior states that the professionals should be treated with dignity, respect and should avoid any form of harassment and unethical behavior. The workplace will be made up of employees with diverse cultural background hence this code protects the rights and the moral values of the employees of diverse culture. The code attempts to limit diversity in workplace, ensure that opportunities for employment, advancement, remuneration and other working conditions are based on actual skills and competencies rather than based on some cultural biasness. 5. Successful completion The course module has helped me in successfully understand the 8 learning outcomes through the implementation of project course work. The knowledge on the ASC code of ethics has helped me to gain an understanding of the importance of ethics, code of behavior, societal, privacy and legal issues within ICT industry. The swot analysis of my personal skills has helped me to analyze the weakness and strategies that I should use in order to improve my presentation skills. This part of the module has helped me to gain knowledge on the creation and delivery of effective oral presentation skills. The creative thinking technique and the importance of creative thinking has helped me to realize the ideas though which I can effectively communicate both verbally and non verbally using the appropriate logical thoughts. The main fact which I like about this course was the knowledge and the self evaluation techniques which helped me to make a self evaluation on the various matters. Moreover the course made me knowledgeable about the basic workplace ethics and the code of conduct of professionals. This will help me in future in establishing a good sense of professionalism in my workplace. Secondly the course acted as an eye opener for me in terms of use of social media technologies. The evaluation of the positive and negative impacts of social media has me to use the social media technologies more logically. However there is a scope of improvement in the module. The module should try to relate to more practical applications of the communication process and ICT technologies. Finally the module should also include some coursework in relation to the application of ICT software in different branches of industry. Reference list Books Cox, D. (2012). Creative thinking for dummies. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Fumoto, H. (2012). Young children's creative thinking. Los Angeles: SAGE. Hill, A. and Shaw, I. (2011). Social Work and ICT. London: SAGE Publications. Trajkovik, V. and Mishev, A. (2014). ICT innovations 2013. Cham: Springer. Journals Fowler, J. (2012). Professional skills. Part 4: helping staff to be positive. Dental Nursing, 8(1), pp.42-44. Hatva, E. (2013). Polishing Soft Skills for The Future HTM Professional. Biomedical Instrumentation Technology, 47(2), pp.147-151. Hodgson, P. and Wong, D. (2011). Developing professional skills in journalism through blogs. Assessment Evaluation in Higher Education, 36(2), pp.197-211. Jacobs, D. (2009). Review of Communication skills for the health care professional. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 22(2), pp.191-192. Kniveton, M. (2012). Supporting physical skills through ICT. Practical Pre-School, 1(135), pp.12-13. Llorens-Garcia, A., Llinas-Audet, X. and Sabate, F. (2009). Professional and Interpersonal Skills for ICT Specialists. IT Prof., 11(6), pp.23-30. Maryska, M. (2012). ICT Speicalist Skills and Knowledge - Business Requirements and Education. ERIES Journal, 5(3), pp.157-172. Michalsky, T. (2012). Shaping self-regulation in science teachers' professional growth: Inquiry skills. Sci. Ed., 96(6), pp.1106-1133. Miller, A. and Briscoe, M. (2012). Results of a Preliminary Survey on Graduate Training in Professional Skills. oceanog, 25(4), pp.6-8. Moulic, M. (2012). Developing Effective Listening Skills to Enhance Professional Efficiency. iamure.ijbm, 3(1). Papadopoulos, T. (2013). EVALUATION OF AN ICT SKILLS PROGRAM: ENHANCING GRADUATE CAPABILITIES AND EMPLOYABILITY. ijecs, 4(1), pp.93-102. Pinkowska, M. and Lent, B. (2011). Evaluation of Scientific and Practice Approaches to Soft Skills Requirements in the ICT Project Management. IBIMA Business Review Journal, pp.1-12. Raju, A., Lindmark, S., Delaere, S. and Ballon, P. (2013). A Holistic Impact-Assessment Framework for Green ICT. IT Prof., 15(1), pp.50-56. Seri, P. and Zanfei, A. (2013). The co-evolution of ICT, skills and organization in public administrations: Evidence from new European country-level data. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 27, pp.160-176. Siraj, H. (2013). Self awareness and reflective skills in the promotion of personal and professional development of future medical professionals. EIMJ, 5(4). Vaghari, S. and Shuib, M. (2013). A Target Needs Analysis of the Written Communication Skills for Students of Writing for Professional Purposes Course. Jurnal Teknologi, 65(2). Websites www.acs.org.au (2015). [online] Available at: https://www.acs.org.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/7835/Code-of-Ethics.pdf [Accessed 28 Jan. 2015].

The Art of Villainy in Shakespeares play Essay Example

The Art of Villainy in Shakespeares play Essay YourLastName 1 YourFirstName YourLastName Instructors Name Course Title 3 May 2013 Edmund Vs. Iago: A Comparitive Analysis Of Shakespeares Villains VILLAINY OF EDMUND AND LAGO IN SHAKESPEAREAN PLAYS INTRODUCTION The plots of all Shakespearean tragedies follow a similar sequence of events. Typically Conflicts arise due to twist of events that set the two characters that had initially enjoyed a good relationship with each other on opposing ends. First it begins with the Exposition stage; this is where the reader is introduced to the setting under which the conflict arises, the characters involved and the state of issues at the time. The next stage is the build-up of events that will later culminate into the conflict. Here the conflict develops and grows. The final stage entails the climax of all events that emerge to turn the already matured conflict into a catastrophe (Bradley 41-43). For instance it is in the climax of the King Lears play that the spiteful son of Gloucester, Edgar kills his illegitimate brother in cold blood. Everything is left in chaos as the king dies and the remnants of the lost war, Albany, Edgar and Kent are left to deal with the pain and loss of their loved one. COMPARISION BETWEEN EDMUND IN KING LEAR V. We will write a custom essay sample on The Art of Villainy in Shakespeares play specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Art of Villainy in Shakespeares play specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Art of Villainy in Shakespeares play specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer LAGO IN OTHELLO Taking on their differences, Shakespeare paints the two characters as utterly villain not only in their actions but in their words too. Imagery and metaphors used in the plays are clear evidence of the depth of feeling and emotions involved. YourLastName 2 Edmund is the bustard son of Gloucester. The latter goes ahead to openly to declare the same in his statements when introducing his son to a friend Though this knave came something saucily into the world before he was called for, yet was his mother fair; there was good sport at his making, and the whoreson must be acknowledged (1 . . 21-24). Shakespeare hints that the mother of Edmund must have been a whore and her beautiful features might have been transferred to her bustard son. Clearly Gloucester did not like the young man at all. The playwright asserts that Edmund wasnt such a likeable character because even his own father insulted him! His hatred for the his bigger brother was based on the fact that the elder brother would inherited everything their father and he would get nothing second born son in the family. That made him Justify his villainy actions as he quotes The curiosity of nations to deprive me, For that I am some twelve or fourteen moon-shines . Lag of a brother? Why bastard? wherefore base? (1 . ii. 03-05). On the other hand, Iago is a trusted soldier under Othello. The two have a mutual to Michael Cassio by Othello. He utters out his hatred to Roderigo against the two although not much to Cassio as Othello in his sentiments one Michael Cassio, a Florentine (A fellow almost damnd in a fair wife), That never set a squadron in the field But he, sir, had th election (1. . 20-22). Themes relating Edmund and Lago 1 . Motives Lagos quest for revenge and treachery is instigated by the fact that although he was ost preferred as the new lieutenant, Cassio is given the position instead. This at first is the main reason why he plans to see Othello suffer. He is so spiteful as he refers to Othello as a Barbary horse, and old black ram, Initially as his plans fail to materialise and some ar e thwarted, his grip momentarily loosens only to revert and tighten even more. His motives YourLastName 3 vary as the plot unveils. At an instance his vengeful desire against Othello is fuelled by the award of a promotion to another yet at another instant he claims to suspect an affair between the latter and his wife Emilia. This is evident in his statement I hate the Moor; and it is thought abroad that twixt my sheets (1 . iii. 387). It is clearly indicated that Iago hates Othello because the latter is more honourable and has acquired a young and beautiful young lady, Desdemona to wife. We do not know the reason behind his utterance as he declares It cannot be that Desdemona should long continue her love to the Moor. She must change for youth. When she is sated with his body, she will find the error of her choice. Shakespeare leaves our minds to wonder and speculate about the same. The motive behind the shameful acts of Edmund is created by the constant abuse by his father and the fact that he is an illegitimate son. His only Joy is to see all that hurt him, his abusive father and step brother experience pain and suffering. He sets their father against Edgar his elder son by deceiving him that the latter is planning to kill the older man. In retaliation, Gloucester sets to kill his son thus Edgar has to flee form home and disguises himself as a beggar in Act 2 Scene 1 . Shakespeare leaves room for imagination as pertaining to the reasoning behind Edmund claim miet Edmund was beloved as he overlooks the deceased bodies of Goneril and Regan (5. iii. 15). 2. ART OF VILLAINY The play Othello begins with a mutual relationship between Othello and Lago. As the plot unveils, the character of Iago is unveiled as a deceitful person with hidden motives. He has indeed perfected the art of devilish such that even when his plans are derailed, he is careful enough to twist his schemes to fit the planned end. He plans to ruin the marriage between Othello and his wife Desdemona. In a bid to stop the consummation ceremony from taking place, Lago goes ahead to instigate Cassio o pick a fght with Roderigo and when Governor Montano intervene, he gets stabbed in the process. It is Lago who sends Roderigo to raise alarm concerning the chaos thus disrupting the already started ceremony. He gets so close to Othello without him suspecting of his motive and actually enjoys seeing him suffer. He taunts him and derives Joy seeing him get tormented by Jealousy by inciting Othello to think that his wife is cheating on him. He actually make the latter believe that his Wife Desdemona is cheating on him with Cassio. Lago is so excited to receive Othellos handkerchief that his wife Emilia had collected from the formers ouse. Although Emilia doesnt the point of ecstasy, Lago is overjoyed by the new twist of events, he immediately hatches a plan meant to drain Othellos happiness and inflict suffering. He goes ahead to plant evidence in Cassios room in order to implicate him in his claim of Desdemonas infidelity (Amanda). Shakespeare paints Edmund as a vile person and on many occasions in the play refers to him as bastardy and a bustard. Furthermore Shakespeare creates a Jerk out of him to fit the description of his character as depicted by his own father. He is a scamp and amazes he audience that such a person would still have the heart to feel remorseful upon the death of his enemies. After the demise of Goneril and Regan, he sorrowfully says Some good I mean to do, despite of my own nature, (3. v. 12). As Shakespeare paints it, we wonder if there is a little bit of humanity left in him to utter such a statement. His attempts to save Cordelia are unclear in reflection of his vile self. It is by deceitfulness of Edmund that sets Gloucester against his son Edgar after reading a letter written by the former that compromises the character of the elder brother. The hysical blindness i nflicted upon Gloucester by Cornwall is metaphorically related to the blinding of the former by Edmund against his elder brother. Discussing the similarities between the two villains Edmund and Lago, they both were skilled soldiers during their time. When scene changes from the urban Venice to the island of Cyprus, the people are protected by the military in which Iago is a soldier under Othello (Canning). Edmund with the English army defeats Cordelia commander of the French army and captures him and his wife, Lear. He deeply filled with remorse after the killing of YourLastName 5 Cordelia and Lear by his soldiers as he declares that he tried every attempt to save them but couldnt. Works Cited Amanda Mabillard, 05/09/2010 acessed from http://www. shakespeareonline. com/ plays/othello/iagochar. html. Bradley, A. C. Shakespearean Tragedy Lectures on Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth. October 30, 2005 [EBo 0k #16966]. Accessed from http://www. pgdp. net. Pdf Canning, Albert Stratford George. Shakespeare Studied in Six Plays . London: T. F. Unwin, 1907. Shakespeare Online. 20 Aug. 2009. Accessed on 2nd may 2013

Free Essays on Financial Ethics In Business

Ethics plays a major part in auditing and financial record keeping. It is the responsibility of an independent auditor to plan and perform an audit of financial statements that will provide reasonable assurance of detecting errors and irregularities that are material in nature. According to the Financial Accounting Standards Board, the essence of the concept of materiality is: â€Å"The omission or misstatement of an item in a financial report is material if, in the light of surrounding circumstances, the magnitude of the item is such that it is probable that the judgment of a reasonable person relying upon the report would have been changed or influenced by the inclusion or correction of the item.† (www.fasb.org) Materiality is a term that is hard to quantify, and must be determined for each individual situation. Public accounting firms have established informal quantitative and qualitative measures in an attempt to establish materiality limits. These measures have been affected and enhanced by statements of the Securities and Exchange Commission and other regulatory agencies and professional organizations. In setting the preliminary judgment about materiality, auditors establish the maximum amount by which they believe the statements could be misstated and still not affect the decisions of reasonable users. An amount is considered material when it is one dollar more than the amount required for a user of financial statements to change their decision. Two broad types of materiality have been recognized: quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative materiality is economic in nature and exclusively depends on the effect of a fact on the company’s financial performance. (www.m-w.com) Typically, public accounting firms have established quantitative materiality thresholds, and have used specific mathematical procedures in this process. Once the effect of a fact exceeds a certain percentage or amount of the item serving as the base measur... Free Essays on Financial Ethics In Business Free Essays on Financial Ethics In Business Ethics plays a major part in auditing and financial record keeping. It is the responsibility of an independent auditor to plan and perform an audit of financial statements that will provide reasonable assurance of detecting errors and irregularities that are material in nature. According to the Financial Accounting Standards Board, the essence of the concept of materiality is: â€Å"The omission or misstatement of an item in a financial report is material if, in the light of surrounding circumstances, the magnitude of the item is such that it is probable that the judgment of a reasonable person relying upon the report would have been changed or influenced by the inclusion or correction of the item.† (www.fasb.org) Materiality is a term that is hard to quantify, and must be determined for each individual situation. Public accounting firms have established informal quantitative and qualitative measures in an attempt to establish materiality limits. These measures have been affected and enhanced by statements of the Securities and Exchange Commission and other regulatory agencies and professional organizations. In setting the preliminary judgment about materiality, auditors establish the maximum amount by which they believe the statements could be misstated and still not affect the decisions of reasonable users. An amount is considered material when it is one dollar more than the amount required for a user of financial statements to change their decision. Two broad types of materiality have been recognized: quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative materiality is economic in nature and exclusively depends on the effect of a fact on the company’s financial performance. (www.m-w.com) Typically, public accounting firms have established quantitative materiality thresholds, and have used specific mathematical procedures in this process. Once the effect of a fact exceeds a certain percentage or amount of the item serving as the base measur... Free Essays on Financial Ethics In Business Ethics plays a major part in auditing and financial record keeping. It is the responsibility of an independent auditor to plan and perform an audit of financial statements that will provide reasonable assurance of detecting errors and irregularities that are material in nature. According to the Financial Accounting Standards Board, the essence of the concept of materiality is: â€Å"The omission or misstatement of an item in a financial report is material if, in the light of surrounding circumstances, the magnitude of the item is such that it is probable that the judgment of a reasonable person relying upon the report would have been changed or influenced by the inclusion or correction of the item.† (www.fasb.org) Materiality is a term that is hard to quantify, and must be determined for each individual situation. Public accounting firms have established informal quantitative and qualitative measures in an attempt to establish materiality limits. These measures have been affected and enhanced by statements of the Securities and Exchange Commission and other regulatory agencies and professional organizations. In setting the preliminary judgment about materiality, auditors establish the maximum amount by which they believe the statements could be misstated and still not affect the decisions of reasonable users. An amount is considered material when it is one dollar more than the amount required for a user of financial statements to change their decision. Two broad types of materiality have been recognized: quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative materiality is economic in nature and exclusively depends on the effect of a fact on the company’s financial performance. (www.m-w.com) Typically, public accounting firms have established quantitative materiality thresholds, and have used specific mathematical procedures in this process. Once the effect of a fact exceeds a certain percentage or amount of the item serving as the base measur...

The Many Economic Applications of Shadow Price

The Many Economic Applications of Shadow Price In the strictest sense, a shadow price is any price that is not a market price. A price that is not based on actual market exchanges must then be calculated or mathematically derived from otherwise indirect data. Shadow prices can be derived for anything from a resource to a good or service. But this is just the tip of the iceberg. While economists tend to be committed to markets as a means of valuation, the lack of a market price is not necessarily a limitation of their research. In fact, economists recognize â€Å"goods† that carry societal value for which there are no markets to set a market price. Such goods might include the intangible like clean air. Conversely, economists also recognize that there exist goods that do have a market-traded value that is simply not a good representation of the good’s true societal value. For example, electricity produced from coal carries a market price that does not consider the impact or â€Å"social cost† of coal burning on the environment. It is in these scenarios that economists find it difficult to work, which is why the discipline relies on the calculation of shadow prices to give a â€Å"price-like† value to otherwise unpriced resources. The Many Definitions of Shadow Price While the most basic understanding of the term shadow price relates simply to the lack of a market price for some resource, good, or service, the meanings of the term as derived from its real-world uses relay a more complicated story. In the world of investments, shadow price can refer to the actual market values of a money market fund, which essentially refers to securities that are accounted for based on amortized cost rather than a value assigned by the market. This definition carries less weight in the world of economics. More relevant to the study of economics, another definition of shadow price denotes it as a proxy value of a good or intangible asset that is most often defined by what must be given up to gain an extra unit of the good or asset. Last, but not least, shadow prices can also be utilized to derive an inclusive value of the impact of a project, whether it be a benefit or costs, using stated preferences, making the process an extremely subjective one. In the study of economics, shadow prices are most often used in cost-benefit analyses in which some elements or variables cannot be otherwise quantified by a market price. In order to fully analyze the situation, each variable must be assigned a value, but it is important to note that the calculation of shadow prices in this context is an inexact science. Technical Explanations of Shadow Price in Economics In the context of a maximization problem with a constraint (or constrained optimization), the shadow price on the constraint is the amount that the objective function of the maximization would increase by if the constraint were relaxed by one unit. In other words, the shadow price is the marginal utility of relaxing the constant or conversely, the marginal cost of strengthening the constraint. In its most formal mathematical optimization setting, the shadow price is the value of a Lagrange multiplier at the optimal solution.

INSURANCE LAW Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

INSURANCE LAW - Coursework Example ..... ts pursuant to which shares are proportioned among members to provide coverage of the management’s expenses and contemplated claims that will likely arise. Pagonis explains: In theory, the clubs pass back to the shipowners the benefit of a good underwriting year through reduced or returned premiums. In practice, the shipowners are usually asked to pay â€Å"back calls† in order to cover expenses and claims that were not foreseen in the budget.12 The primary purpose of P&I Clubs is to provide indemnity insurance as opposed to liability insurance. Even so, shipowners join P&I Clubs primarily to provide insurance in a variety of risks that are not provided for by virtue of H&M insurance policies.13 Shipowners join P&I clubs based on the â€Å"principle of mutuality – the joint, shared or reciprocal protection against losses.†14 Since P&I Clubs are by their nature not conventional insurance providers, but rather indemnity and protection organizations, there is some doubt as to whether or not maritime insurance actions can be applied against P&I Clubs. In The Alloborgia, the House of Lords ruled that P&I Clubs can be applied to the Third Parties Act but could only be applied in terms of indemnity relative to risks covered.15 P&I Clubs function under their own regulatory framework which governs the members’ relationships and the relationship between the club and the members and are generally viewed as a core part of the applicable insurance policy. For this reason, direct actions against P&I Clubs are prescribed by reference to specific statutory terms.16 Moreover, direct action against P&I Clubs are subject to the tortfeasor’s â€Å"status† as â€Å"member of the Club† and the Club’s rules as well as the clauses contained in the insurance policy.17 P&I Clubs will

Islamic history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Islamic history - Essay Example However, the study will be guided by such questions as where did Islam start and who were the first people to adhere to it? What are the main ideologies that define Islam and how has they evolved over time? When did Islam start and what historical significance has the ideology had over the course of its evolution to the modern day Islam? Islam started in the seventh century (C.E) as instituted by Prophet Mohammed and it took over the Arabic region, which was characteristically defined by polytheism. It is adherent to monotheism and as such the ideology stipulates that there is no other God to be worshiped but Allah. It therefore transformed greatly the religious systems of the traditional nomadic life that was characteristic of the Arabs from the extremes of worshiping many Gods as well as paganism to the faith in Allah. Prophet Mohammed was born in late sixth century and in the early seventh century; he is believed to have had an encounter with an angle of God where he became the pr ophet (apostle) of God (Nawwab, Speers and Hoye, para 1-5). Through divine revelations, Mohamed is said to have written the Quran as it is adhered to in Islam. Therefore, among other great ideologies that define Islam, Quran as it was written by the last prophet of Allah (Mohammed) is complete, infallible, perfect and eternal and thus holds eminently against any influence or modification. In religious matters, the tenets presented in Quran held and continuously holds to define Islam. Islam ascribes to various ideologies which include that God is transcendent and omnipotent, that there are angles, that Quran are words of God’s revelation through his prophets as well as there is the last day that awaits all and in which God’s judgment to mankind will be pronounced. Moreover, the Islam believes that God is all knowing and as such, he is omniscient (â€Å"The History of Islam† 1-3). Despite the great transformation that characterized the inception of Islam, as a rel igion in the Arabian countries in matters of polytheism believes, Islam held to the supremacy of Allah as god who was more impressive than the rest. Besides being the creator, Allah was and is believed to be the provider as well as the determiner to human destiny in eternity (â€Å"History of Islam† para 3). Besides, the Muslims have dispersed everywhere to occupy all the parts of the globe where Islam has been introduced. Little is seen to have changed in terms of believe systems and ideologies as they were instituted and depicted in Quran. The modern day Islam upholds five basic rules, which are prayer, fasting, faith, almsgiving as well as pilgrimage at Ka’bah (â€Å"History of Islam† 5). The evolution in Islam has been more in matters of spread and global acceptance as unlike in matters of systems of believes. Besides much of what is practiced in the modern day in Islamic circles is purely as it was practiced traditionally as instructed by Prophet Mohammed i n Quran (Nasr, vii-xix). In spite of the little evolutionally changes that has been shown in ideological aspects of Islam, misinterpretation and misrepresentation of the ideologies has led to wrong perception of the culture. It is increasingly being associated with acts of terror due to few of its teachings on Jihad and such political activism which has in the past led to political as well as religious conflicts in different parts of the globe

Truth Is Absolute Not Relative Essay Example for Free

Truth Is Absolute Not Relative Essay Background of the Topic: Many people nowadays seek for â€Å"THE TRUTH†. I searched up the internet and Google gave me 611 million answers in just a quart of a second. As top answer Google gave me this definition from wisegeek.com, â€Å"An absolute truth, sometimes called a universal truth, is an unalterable and permanent fact. The concept of absolute truths what they are and whether they exist has been debated among many different groups of people. Philosophers have waded in the muck of defining absolute truth for millennia. For example, Plato believed that absolute truth existed, but that truth on earth was merely a shadow of great forms of absolute truth existing in the universe which is now commonly called â€Å"universals†. Alternatively, many believe in relative truths, where facts may vary depending on the circumstances.† Simply put, WHAT’S TRUE TO ME MAY NOT BE TRUE TO YOU. It is however difficult to disprove the concept of absolute truth, since saying that there are no absolute truths that it is absolutely true that no absolute truth exists is itself an absolute truth.† Relationship of the Topic- Main: It will help us to know and recognize the fundamental basis of truth. To me: I firmly believe on absolute truth unlike others. I believe in the absolute truth of the Bible and God as its ultimate source. To the society: Living in a society sharing the same ground that there is an existence of absolute truth would eradicate most of today’s debates on non-significant yet intriguing problems. Also, there is the need of a certain and mutual fundamental basis of the absoluteness of truth and from whence it come forth. Problem: Many of us were blinded about what is truth and a lot of us have different queries regarding what is the real meaning of truth whether it is absolute or relative. Definition of the topic: There are a few things that we all agree are absolutely true, but they depend upon an agreement in definition. ABSOULTE TRUTH: †¢ Truth is discovered not invented †¢ Truth is transcultural: it can be conveyed across different cultures. †¢ Truth is unchanging: it can be conveyed across time. †¢ Beliefs cannot change a truth statement no matter how sincere one may be †¢ Truth is unaffected by the attitude of the one professing it †¢ All Truths are absolute †¢ Truth is knowable In order for truth to be absolute and holding these qualities, it must be grounded in a source that is personal, unchanging, and sovereign over all creation. Relative Truth: Truth is created not discovered. Truth is a matter of perspective and each culture or individual defines for themselves what truth is. †¢ Since truth is invented, there is no universal transcultural truth. Each culture or individual will define truth differently according to their background and perspective. †¢ Truth changes since it is inseparably connected to individuals and cultures which continually change truth perpetually to changes. †¢ Since truth is a matter of a group or individual’s perspective, one’s beliefs can change a truth statement. †¢ Since an individual determines truth, truth is affected by the attitude of the one professing it. †¢ There can be no such thing as absolute truth. †¢ Absolute truth is not knowable. Absolute and objective truth cannot be known since it is built on the shifting foundation of man’s perceptions. As each individual’s perception is different, truth cannot be known. References: Bible and Blogs specifically the Truth Project

5 Modes Of Transportation :: essays research papers

5 Modes of Transportation   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In order to have easy mobility of persons and goods, it is necessary to have a sophisticated and widespread transportation system. This system is made up of five primary areas of transportation, which are: - Motor vehicles - Railroad transportation - Air transportation - Water transportation - Pipelines Each of these five modes consists of different subsystems which make up the system. Each mode is used to transport persons or goods, but in many instances, one mode may be favored over the others. All five modes require some primary source of funds for building and maintaining the infrastructure. These funds may come from a number of different places such as the federal government, state, or the city through which the system runs. Different government agencies have jurisdiction over the modes. These agencies focus on maintaining and improving safety of each system. The individual states also have certain obligations to the operation and regulation of the different modes of transportation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Each mode is made up of primary subsystems. The subsystems of railroad transportation include freight trains and passenger trains. Freight trains are used to transport goods and materials between cities while passenger trains are used to transport people. Although freight trains are still used all across the nation, rail intercity freight has accounted for a decreasing share of the total ton mileage over the past 30 years. This is mostly due to the increase in truck transport. Rail passenger traffic had also declined over the years until better service was offered by Amtrak and the price of fuel increased. Much of the decline in rail passenger traffic has been due to the increasing number of air passengers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Air transport can also be divided into the subsystems of passenger and freight transport. Passenger air travel has rapidly increased over the years due to: - Increasing Gross National Product - Increasing wealth of the middle-income groups - Increasing number of nonprimary industry in the economic system - Increasing amount of general aviation - Improved technology The areas for air transport of express and freight and mail has also increased rapidly over the years. This is due mostly to improved technology which has steadily lowered the cost of air transport.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Like rail and air transport, water transportation can also be broken down to passenger and freight transport. Passenger transportation by water only accounts for a very small percentage of water transport because it is very slow and relatively inconvenient for most people. This is primarily used by people for vacation purposes. Most often, water transport is used for freight movement of items that are bulky and of low cost per unit volume.

Development of Quality players Essay

On a performance perspective, the LTA stated some à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½7.3m has been spent on delivering the LTA Performance programme. This is set to provide financial support to more than 600 talented youngsters aged 8 to 21 years old. (LTA, 2002) The performance programme is constituted of six stages. Initially beginning with Mini-tennis (4 – 8 year olds), then progressing to Club Futures (8 – 10year olds), County Futures (11-13 year olds), National Futures(11 – 13 year old), Academies and Intermediates (14 -22 year olds) and Seniors. The development of such a structure has mainly down to the former French performance director of the LTA, Patrice Hagelauer, and his knowledge and implementation of the French development system. Originally seven Tennis Academy centres were proposed but due to the lack of junior talent coming through this was rationalised to four centres namely Bath, Leeds, Loughborough, and Welwyn Garden city. The Loughborough academy alone is costing the LTA à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½2m. In addition to this a à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½30m (Harris, 2001) National Centre is in the pipeline and is due to be built at Roehampton and subject to planning process should be ready by 2006. This is set to consist of 6 indoor, 4 grass, 6 hard and 6 clay courts, gymnasium, player and coach support services, accommodation and medical centre. The LTA is likely to meet the majority of costs for the centre although The All England Lawn Tennis Ground plc are lending a proportion of building costs. This development has been met with mixed reactions Mark Petchey Sky TV presenter commented â€Å"Once again the LTA have their priorities wrong. Unless good youngsters are coming through, the National centre will be a white elephant. Indeed it has been further commented that the belief that there is a misconception that we have talented youngsters (Bob Brett) in the last 10 years there has only been 2 juniors in the International Tennis Federation’s top 50. One of the key suggestions causing the lack of talented juniors is the quality of coaches in Britain. On 2002 spending figures only 3% of the budget was allocated to coach education. There are currently 2,100 LTA licensed coaches working in clubs in the UK (Jago, 2002). Although that may sound substantial when this figure is put along side the total number of registered player (116,588) it amounts to one coach for every 55 players. The comparison of this to the French’s excess of 4000 licensed coaches clearly illustrates we have some catching up to go (Jago, 2002). The LTA aims to initially identify talent through the nation’s club system. Yet the current established club structure is will behind that of France and Germany. (Figure 5) France has some 9,200 clubs compared to the 2,400 on Britain (Fordyce, 2002). In addition most of the clubs in France have five courts and a clubhouse. Around 8000 of them were built and maintained by cities and local authorities, each one costs à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½500,000. The idea of which would be a dream to the LTA and leave them with a substantially greater proportion of finance to invest in more for coaches, development programmes and competition structures (Jago, 2002) The culture of British tennis clubs may also be to blame. Tennis clubs in Britain might be a pleasant place for an adult to play a few sets on a Sunday afternoon – but they do little to help the country produce future champions. The former performance director Patrice Hagelauer, stated â€Å"The culture is one of leisure and social tennis – which is great, if you also have junior tennis and competitive tennis, but at a lot of clubs, that is not there† (Fordyce, 2002).  However, the key to developing successful players may not lie in the relatively expensive problems of increasing the number of clubs, courts and coaches but may be more with how we deal with potential talent and develop it. The LTA currently relies on talent selection, which is a process of differentiating between those young performers who are already in the sport in order to provide those with the greatest potential with opportunities for advanced level training, support and competition. However, there are a number of disadvantages with this method. Initially it relies on juniors to be playing the game and it has been shown that we currently fall behind in this area. Also, individuals usually compete with others in a similar age group and the most talented from that age group stand out. Selection of success at this young age may not be a direct indicator of potential due to the fact that it fails to take into account the varying maturation levels evident in individuals of the same age that actually dictates there power and strength due to their greater size evidently providing an advantage to those who have had a faster maturity rate. This may go some way in explaining why those talented at that young age and are selected to be developed fail to continue through and emerge and successful players on the senior circuit. It is obvious that this current method which the LTA employs doesn’t seem to working very well. Our only two players in the top 100 have been described as an ‘accident and a foreigner’ (Roberts, 2002). Tim Henman’s talent was tutored in a privately-run development scheme, and Greg Rusedski, was developed in the Canadian tennis system. Around the world other countries seem to have realised more efficient way of finding talented individuals. Much of the sporting success of Australia has been down to the realisation back in 1988 by the Australian Institute of Sport and particularly Dr Allan Hahn that it is no longer possible to have a reliance on club systems to deliver talent at an elite level. He stated that â€Å"to continue to be internationally competitive, we must actively seek to unearth the talent†. Talent searches initially implemented in rowing spread to a wide variety of sports, and following the announcement in 1994 of Australia to host the Sydney Olympics back in 2000 their in Federal Government allocated $500,000 a year for two years for national talent identification. The success of many Australian athletes at these games demonstrated the significance of such a programme (AIS, 2003). Subsequently in 2002, the tennis specific talent search was implemented namely the Targeted Athlete Project (TAP) . The program is individually designed to each player in the scheme to make them a better player. Each player is assessed upon joining TAP and areas of weakness identified. Funds are then allocated to addressing these problems (Tennis Australia, 2003) This programme aims to support 30 of Australia’s best boys and 30 of there most talented girls. Current members of the programme range from the ages of 11 to the oldest, 22-year-old Evie Dominikovi. With this system in place, Australia, who currently possesses the world’s number one in the male game, Lleyton Hewitt, will no doubt create many more players of international calibre. The adoption of such a scheme may make considerable financial sense for the LTA. Through the development of a screening process that identifies key multivariate constituents of a successful elite player more appropriate funding can be targeted at a limited number of individuals who it is known that they possess the right psychological, physiological, skill/decision making and even sociological aptitudes necessary for success. A system implemented in schools would not just limit the search to those who are currently active in tennis. This would eliminates both the players’ frustration of continued participation in a sport that they are not physiologically suited to and will prevent wasting finances on developing a talent that never had the potential to make it to the top, thus allowing the LTA to get the most out of its limited resources.  Can we develop talent and increase participation numbers simultaneously? The LTA may have set itself an impossible task of increasing player numbers and developing better quality players with the current finances. In an attempt to achieve both finances are spread too thinly and neither is achieved successfully. It is evident that these two aims may not be as mutually supportive as the LTA consider them to be. Indeed it has long been stated the key to possessing high numbers of elite sports players from a nation is to have a broad base of participation and the broader the base the increase in likely hood and probability there is of finding quality players. There are several critical flaws in this assumption and there are anomalies in statistics that prove so. Figure 6 demonstrates the weak relationship between these two variables and an increase in players is by no means a necessary pre-requisite for developing large numbers of elite performances. This is clearly highlighted in the case of Russia which has double the amount of tennis players Britain has in the top 100 yet has a 1/18th of the amount of total registered players (ETA 2000). Indeed although increasing the number of players may not have a direct effect on the number of elite players, the concentration of efforts in talent identification and development which will produce a greater number of elite players may have a combined effect in inspiring more players to take up the game; increasing the sports national profile and subsequent possibility of an increase in the sports allocation of financial assistance from national sources which would assist in broadening participation.

Are Formal and Semi Formal Financial Institution Partnerships a Viable Option for Serving the Underserved in India

Are formal and semi formal financial institution partnerships a viable option for serving the underserved in India Xavier Institute of Management Bhubaneswar 10/6/2010 Indu Paramita Mahapatra and Malay Harsh The essay tries to identify the potential problems with financial sector and does a gap analysis that leads to potential opportunities in the sector.It also takes a look at the challenges faced by the different financial institutions, the goals achieved, the targets to be achieved and how the partnership between the different formal and semi formal institutions can create a synergy for serving the underserved of the country. Introduction: The reach and availability of finances determine the growth and development of any enterprise. Then how could the development of a nation be any different from it?It must be duly noted that majority of the country’s populace is out of the purview of the financial services which means more than half of our nation lacks access to savings an d credit facilities among other financial securities and services such as investment options and insurance policies. Where we the urban literati state ourselves to be heavily hassled by the innumerable calls and emails trying to sell us a loan or investment options, these very same options are visibly amiss in the large rural pockets, places where they might be actually be needed.The fact is, there is a gap between the financial services needed and what is available. Problem With financial services in India: Current scenario India’s Economy Growth rate has been around 8. 5% – 9% (last 5 years). Our growth primarily has been in the industry & services sector which has grown by about 16. 8 percent. Even though agriculture is the principal means of livelihood for over 58. 4% of  India's population, the growth in this sector is limited to around 2. 8%.Of the many factors that attribute to poor growth in agriculture, a major reason is lack of access to proper finance. Limited access to savings, loans, remittance ;amp; insurance in rural/ unorganized sector are major constraints to agricultural and SME growth. Financial access enlarges livelihood opportunity ;amp; empowers the poor. And empowerment in turn aids socio-political stability. Financial inclusion provides formal identity, access to payments system ;amp; deposit insurance.Types of Financial Exclusion: (i) exclusion from payment system: not having access to bank accounts (ii) exclusion from formal credit markets leading to approaching informal/ exploitative markets The marginal farmers, the landless labour, the self employed, the unorganized sector, urban slum dwellers, migrants, ethnic minorities, socially excluded groups, senior citizens and women are often not covered under the financial services. The North Eastern Region and the eastern ;amp; central regions are most excluded. Financial Inclusion and RBI’s role:For the past few years one of the important new objectives of the Reserve Bank of  India  has been financial inclusion. Financial inclusion  is the delivery of financial services at affordable costs to vast sections of disadvantaged and low income groups. Unrestrained access to public goods and services is the sine qua non of an open and efficient society. It is argued that as banking services are in the nature of public good, it is essential that availability of banking and payment services to the entire population without discrimination is the prime objective of public policy.The movement towards financial inclusion rose to a crescendo in the current year, partly because of the Platinum Jubilee Celebration of RBI and partly because the demand for financial inclusion has become a national and a governmental imperative. According to Annual Policy Statement of RBI, 2004-05 â€Å"†¦banks should be obliged to provide banking services to all segments of population on equitable basis. † In 2005 RBI advised banks to provide basic bank â€Å"no frills† accounts with low or minimum balance/ charges so as to expand anking outreach to larger sections of society. KYC principles were simplified to open accounts for customers in rural ;amp; urban areas for people intending to open accounts with annual deposits of less than Rs. 50,000. General purpose Credit Card (GCC) facility was available up to Rs. 25000 at rural ;amp; urban branches . Revolving credit was encouraged and withdrawal up to limit sanctioned was based on household cash flows . No security or collateral was needed for the same. Interest rates were deregulated.In January 2006 banks were allowed to use services of NGOs, SHGs, micro finance institutions, civil society organizations as business facilitators/ correspondents (BC) for extending banking services. BCs were allowed to do â€Å"cash in-cash out† transactions at BC locations ;amp; branchless banking. Pilots were set up to provide credit counseling and financial education. In June 2007, R BI launched multilingual website in 13 Indian languages providing information on banking services.For the financial inclusion drive, in identified districts, survey was conducted based on electoral rolls, public distribution system etc to identify households with no bank accounts. Banks were required to open at least one account per house. Mass media was deployed for awareness/ publicity. Bank staff/ NGOs/ volunteers took ration cards/ Electoral ID/ photos for fulfilling KYC norms ;amp; opening accounts. The different financial institutions and their roles:The government institutions fuelling the growth in the financial sector for the purpose of extending the banking services to the underserved in India are Regional Rural Banks, Primary Agricultural Credit Societies, LAMPs, Commercial Credit Co-operative Societies, State Cooperative banks and Commercial banks. But then the entire system of lending must be self sustaining. Most of the above agencies are loss making units and need to be supported by the government with seed funds. The wide availability of such units extends the outreach of governments financial benefits to the large rural population.The commercial banks try and keep themselves distant from extending their financial services of credit, savings etc to the villages owing largely to the heavy cost of operation and servicing in the deep pockets and would rather cough up the penalty imposed on them by the Reserve bank of India for not meeting credit targets set for Priority sector lending. The cost of reaching the customer unto itself is too high and added to that is the high cost of transaction and servicing of small ticket loans and to top it all there is a high default rate on such loans issued.On the contrary the Non banking financial service companies operate on a much lean structure. The models on which the financial service extension is operating these days is constantly evolving into more and more innovative structures. Unlike the banks, the M FIs may furnish loans without collaterals or security deposits as they have exercise a social obligation on the loan applicant to repay the loans on time. As the loans are issued only through SHGs or JLGs, the liability of each loan rests entirely on the shoulders of the entire group and not just the individual.Thus the ticket size of the loans increase in size and cost of servicing the loans also gets appropriated. The NBFCs and MFI also sell out their loans to the Commercial banks who finance them thus ensuring that the commercial banks also end up meeting their target of priority sector loans that too at a profitable scale. The role played by the NGOs is also worth mentioning when we talk about the financial services in the rural pockets. There has been a rise in the number of SHGs owing to the capacity building and awareness activities taken up by the NGOs.The SHGs are informal bodies formed by the coming together of a homogenous group of people (preferably women) such groups ac tively promote mandatory savings among their members. From the funds collected loans are issued at nominal rates to its group members while loans can be sought for livelihood purposes largely, loans may also be sought for consumption needs. The SHGs are also trained for developing enterprises and businesses to fuel their growths. The other tangential benefits of women’s SHGs are the increase of social status and say a woman has in the communityPartnership of banks with organisations like â€Å"A Little World† and â€Å"FINO† has been a groundbreaking innovation where the above organisations in partnership with the banks extend no frills bank accounts to the rural areas and their people. The benefit is two pronged. It must be noted that the cost per transaction incurred per transaction on a bank teller amounts to roughly $1. 07 USD, while the cost of transaction per ATM transaction costs the bank around $0. 27 USD. The costs are prohibitively high for a commercia l bank to operate on lower ticket size transactions and hence can’t enter the rural market directly.The partnership models that FINO and ALW have adopted ensure that the underserved get access to the banking services by means of innovative rural ATMs that are all but hand held devices operated by either a village person or their own employee. The costs of such operations are low due to the absence of infrastructure needs. The above organisations take a cut from the account opening fee and a certain fee for operations costs. Goals achieved by the financial drive: No frills accounts: 6 million new â€Å"no frills† accounts were added between March 2006 ;amp; 2007.About 45000 rural ;amp; semi-urban branches of Regional rural banks (RRBs) ;amp; Public Sector Banks (PSBs) showed highest performance after the drive. SHG-Bank linkage: Access to banking system was provided through SHGs (groups pooling savings ;amp; providing loans to members). National Bank for Agricultural an d Rural Development (NABARD) extended support in group formation, linking with banks, and promoting best practices. As a result, the recovery was excellent – 2. 6 million SHGs were linked to banks touching 40 million households. SHGs were given loans by banks against group guarantees (Joint liabilities).With smaller loan sizes and reasonable rates of interest, SHGs were encouraged to take loans for consumption and to set up smaller business initiatives. IT Solutions: IT solutions were essential for doorstep banking. Pilot projects were started by SBI using smart cards for opening a/c with bio-metric identification. The smart cards were linked to mobile/ hand held connectivity devices to ensure transactions were recorded in banks’ books on real time basis. State governments started making pension ;amp; other payments under NREGS through smart cards. Other financial services (low cost remittances, insurance) were also provided through cards.IT solutions enabled large tra nsactions like processing, credit scoring, credit record ;amp; follow up etc. Role of Government: Some state governments played a proactive role by issuing identity cards for a/c opening, through awareness campaigns by district/ block level officials. Financial literacy drives were conducted and India Post was roped in as BCs. FM’s Budget Speech 2007-08 allocated a budget of $125 mn each to 2 funds (i) Financial Inclusion Fund for developmental/promotional work (ii) Financial Inclusion Technology Fund for technology adoption/innovation Challenges FacedWith the rates of interest being high the customer is sometimes still apprehensive in approaching for credit, as the poor do not have collateral to offer and are hence not always eligible to loans from govt. banks. The stronghold of the money lenders too is very strong as the loan servicing time of a money lender is very low and can be furnished at any hour of the day. Imposition of rate restrictions by the government may also r ender MFI businesses inefficient owing to high operations cost and defaults, the govt. Promotes defaulting each time there is a loan waiver issued by it.Such actions promote defaulting nature amongst the farmers. There is a disinterest of the rural population in taking insurance policies as there is no understanding of the same in the large rural pockets. The seasonality of the crops and harvest too impose a challenge to the lending and repayments to the financial institutions. Way forward: There’s a need to link the impact of the financial institution to the 8 Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The impact analysis can be done by evaluating how far the financial institutions have been effective in contributing, directly and indirectly, to all the eight MDGs.Microfinance contributes to improving income and reducing hunger (MDG 1), providing children school education and training (MDG 2), and paying for health services (MDG 4 – 6). The main beneficiaries of microfinanc e services are women, so financial institutions contribution to women's empowerment and gender equality (MDG 3) can be studied. As for the environment (MDG 7), financial institutions are increasingly combining environmental programs with their financial services, although the contribution may be indirect.For MDG 8, since Target 12 calls for the development of open, rule-based, non-discriminatory financial systems, the expansion of financial programs themselves is the achievement of MDG 8. Hence the future of financial outreach lies on the synergy of formal and semiformal institutions to bring about a positive change. References: 1. http://timesofindia. indiatimes. com/business/india-business/Highest-industrial-growth-recorded-in-20-yrs-at-168/articleshow/5566436. cms 2. India. gov. in/sectors/agriculture/index. php 3. http://www. tradingeconomics. com/Economics/GDP-Growth. aspx? Symbol=INR 4.Financial Inclusion :Perspective of Reserve Bank of India,MK Samantray, RBI Guwahati 5. http ://banking. senate. gov/97_07hrg/072997/charts/chart01. pdf 6. http://www. nabard. org/ 7. Finance Minister's Budget Speech, http://www. rediff. com/money/2008/feb/29budget38. htm 8. Montgomery, H. 2005. Meeting the Double Bottom Line – The Impact of Khushhali Bank’s 9. Microfinance Program in Pakistan. Tokyo: ADBI. ——————————————– [ 2 ]. http://timesofindia. indiatimes. com/business/india-business/Highest-industrial-growth-recorded-in-20-yrs-at-168/articleshow/5566436. ms [ 3 ]. India. gov. in/sectors/agriculture/index. php [ 4 ]. http://www. tradingeconomics. com/Economics/GDP-Growth. aspx? Symbol=INR [ 5 ]. Financial Inclusion :Perspective of Reserve Bank of India,MK Samantray, RBI Guwahati [ 6 ]. http://banking. senate. gov/97_07hrg/072997/charts/chart01. pdf [ 7 ]. Financial Inclusion :Perspective of Reserve Bank of India,MK Samantray, RBI Guwahati [ 8 ]. http: //www. nabard. org/ [ 9 ]. Finance Minister's Budget Speech, http://www. rediff. com/money/2008/feb/29budget38. htm [ 10 ]. Montgomery, H.

6 Tips to Boost Your Energy Levels While Writing a Paper

6 Tips to Boost Your Energy Levels While Writing a Paper 6 Tips to Boost Your Energy Levels While Writing a Paper One nationwide study found almost 40% of respondents admitting that workplace fatigue impacts negatively on their productivity. This is just as much a problem for college students as elsewhere, so it’s important to keep your energy levels high when writing a paper. There are lots of ways you can do this, including both quick-fixes and longer-term solutions. 1. Fuel Up Make sure to give your body the fuel it needs. While writing, this might include having snacks and a drink to hand as well as stopping to eat regular meals. More generally, eating a healthy, balanced diet can improve your overall energy levels. It’s also important to drink plenty of water during the day, not just coffee! 2. Have a Plan As well as planning your essay to ensure efficiency, having a regular work routine and taking a structured approach to the day can boost productivity in the long run. 3. Soak Up Some Sunshine Spending too much time indoors can leave you drained, partly due to a lack of vitamin D. Exposure to natural sunlight boosts your body’s vitamin D production, so getting outside regularly can help if you’re feeling run down. If youre not sure how to sunbathe, just copy this lemur. 4. Get Active Even in the short-term, getting up and going for a walk is a great way of refreshing if you’re struggling for energy while writing a paper. In the long-term, regular exercise has been shown to increase energy levels and reduce vulnerability to fatigue, so staying active will ensure you’re always at your best. 5. De-Stress Another common reason we feel run down is stress, which can lead to physical and mental exhaustion. It’s therefore important to know the symptoms of stress, as then you can take action before it affects your productivity. 6. Rest Easy (And Well) The amount of sleep you get also influences your energy levels and you may struggle to concentrate on your work if you don’t get enough. Eating healthily and exercising regularly will help, as will foregoing caffeine and electronic products (TV, computers, phones, etc.) immediately before bed. On another note, napping has been shown to enhance energy levels and concentration among students. So, if all else fails, a quick snooze may be just what the doctor ordered!

Jonathan Swift on Style - Keeping It Simple

Jonathan Swift on Style - Keeping It Simple Other writers agree: that wise guy of English prose, Jonathan Swift, knew a thing or two about good style: Swifts style is, in its line, perfect; the manner is a complete expression of the matter, the terms appropriate, and the artifice concealed. It is simplicity in the true sense of the word.(Samuel Coleridge, Lecture on Style, 1818)No better style in English prose was ever written, or can be.(William Dean Howells, Preface, Gullivers Travels, 1913)Swift, the greatest writer of English prose, and the greatest man who has ever written great English prose.  (T.S. Eliot, The Varieties of Metaphysical Poetry, 1926) So when the author of Gullivers Travels and A Modest Proposal offers some free advice on writing, we probably ought to pay attention. Lets start with his famous definition of style as proper words in proper places. Short and sweet. But then, we might ask, whos to say whats proper? And just what does Swifts maxim really mean? To find out, lets return to the source. Swifts cryptic definition of style appears in the essay Letter to a Young Gentleman Lately Entered Into Holy Orders (1721). There he identifies clarity, directness, and freshness of expression as the chief qualities of a proper style: And truly, as they say a man is known by his company, so it should seem that a mans company may be known by his means of expressing himself, either in public assemblies or private conversations.It would be endless to run over the several defects of style among us. I shall therefore say nothing of the mean and paltry (which are usually attended by the fustian), much less of the slovenly or indecent. Two things I will just warn you against: the first is, the frequency of flat unnecessary epithets; and the other is, the folly of using old threadbare phrases, which will often make you go out of your way to find and apply them, are nauseous to rational hearers, and will seldom express your meaning as well as your own natural words.Although, as I have already observed, our English tongue is too little cultivated in this kingdom, yet the faults are, nine in ten, owing to affectation, and not to the want of understanding. When a mans thoughts are clear, the properest words will generally off er themselves first, and his own judgment will direct him in what order to place them so as they may be best understood. Where men err against this method, it is usually on purpose, and to show their learning, their oratory, their politeness, or their knowledge of the world. In short, that simplicity without which no human performance can arrive to any great perfection is nowhere more eminently useful than in this. Always think of your audience, Swift advises, and dont baffle them with obscure terms and hard words. Lawyers, surgeons, clergy, and especially academics should avoid using jargon when communicating with outsiders. I know not how it comes to pass, he says, that professors in most arts and sciences are generally the worst qualified to explain their meaning to those who are not of their tribe. One of the wittiest writers in the English language, Swift understood that his gift was rare: I cannot forbear warning you, in the most earnest manner, against endeavoring at wit in your sermons, because by the strictest computation it is very near a million to one that you have none; and because too many of your calling have consequently made themselves everlastingly ridiculous by attempting it. In other words, dont try to be a joker if you cant tell a joke. And at all times, keep it simple. Sound advice, right? But keeping it simple- putting proper words in proper places- is a lot harder than it sounds. As Sir Walter Scott once said, Swifts style seems so simple that one would think any child might write as he does, and yet if we try we find to our despair that it is impossible (quoted in The Cambridge History of English and American Literature).

Operations planning & control Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Operations planning & control - Case Study Example eport aims to analyse the case of the Ringinglow farm in terms of operational capacity and planning issues, and based on the findings to recommend the next steps to Fred and Gillan Giles. In order to increase returns on assets and to achieve the extra sales targets Gillian has decided to increase the number of farm visitors by 35 per cent through all the opening months in 2015. However, before making a final decision, it is necessary to analyze the demand for farm visits and the capacities. According to the information given in the case study, the number of visitors on weekend (Saturday and Sundays) is two times higher than on workdays. Therefore, it is possible to calculate the peak demand in 2014 and 2015 on a monthly basis. The data shows that the peak month in the Ringinglow farm is August (4258 visitors in 2014). Then, average weekly demand on Aug 2014 was 1064,5 visitors/week (=4258/4). On Saturdays or Sundays (August 2014) an average number of visitors was approximately 354 visitors per day (1/3 of 1064). Assuming that in 2015, the number of far visitors will increase by 35 per cent, during a peak month in August 2015, an average number of visitors will be 5748. The average weekly demand on August 2015 should be approximately 1437 visitors per week (=5748/4). On Saturdays or Sundays (August 2015) an average number of visitors was approximately 479 visitors per day (1/3 of 1437).Therefore, the pattern of farm visitors’ attendance is over 479 people on the peak day (Saturday or Sunday). As it has been identified in the case study, the parking capacity is 45 car spaces, and 6 spaces for 40-seater coaches. Assuming that the number of visitors arriving in one car will be 4, it is possible to say that the maximum car parking capacity is 180 people, and 240 people by coaches. Therefore, the maximum capacity of car parking per day is 420 people. Taking into consideration the fact that the forecasted number of visitors for 2015 during peak season in peak days

Public Service Electric and Gas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Public Service Electric and Gas - Essay Example Organisational change is the implementation of new thoughts and activities by a company. Organisational change is important in the sense that it can increase the efficiency of employees by achieving the goals. There are numerous challenges for change in organisation culture. To make the change successful, there is need to focus on developing association with stakeholders and unions. Organisations need to commence appropriate change program for successful change (Sengupta & Bhattacharya, 2006). The essay will describe the change in safety culture of PSE&G. PSE&G had faced several challenges in order to administer changes in safety culture. It was a long changing process which resulted in success. Reason for Change The change in safety measures of PSE&G had started in the year 1999 by virtue of cultural change. The reason for the change is to ensure safety of employees of PSE&G. It has almost 6500 employees and 32 factories. PSE&G had encountered recordable accident rates and loss of w orking days because of safety. In the year 2005, according to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), the loss of working days had become 0.33 by the year 2007 (Simon & Cistaro, 2009). The following table shows the employees injury rate of PSE&G from 2001–2007: Source: (Simon & Cistaro, 2009). Organisational Design Issue The major design problem an organisation often confronts is the selection of horizontal differentiation and vertical differentiation which let organisation to manage the actions of employees for accomplishing the objectives. The following are major design issues that can be faced by an organisation: Source: (Jones & Mathew, 2008). Vertical Differentiation: Vertical differentiation is the method of forming the hierarchy of power and develops reporting connection to connect organisational job with organizational units. It helps to manage the actions and enhance the capability to develop a value of any organization through establishing the allo cation of power (Jones & Mathew, 2008) Horizontal Differentiation: Horizontal differentiation helps an individual to be specialised and be more dynamic. However, this type of delineation hinders the communication between divisions or units and averts people to learn from one another. As a consequence of horizontal differentiation, people of different units create a propensity to see one’s job strictly from the perception of the time structure, objective and interpersonal course of other’s unit. When different jobs are viewed differently, communication becomes unsuccessful and coordination fails between units (Jones & Mathew, 2008) In cultural change, PSE&G had faced problem of matching the ‘Standardization and Mutual Adjustment’ issue. In every organisation there are certain regulations, SOPs (Standard Operating Procedures), traditional values and standards which specify how an employee can carry out the organisational task. In PSE&G, the employees were en gaged in performing job according to their own rule and they tended to take risks. Besides, there were also communication issues which had occurred from vertical differentiation. Thus, there was need for better interaction between management and the union to resolve the differentiation problem in cultural change process (Jones & Mathew, 2008) Cultural Factors The apt organisational culture can result in better employee performance. Organisational cult